Have Bodhisattvas at the First Bhūmi Left the Desire Realm?

Most bodhisattvas generally propagate the Dharma and benefit sentient beings in the human world, differing only in their meditative concentration (samādhi). Bodhisattvas at the first bhūmi and above must be fully endowed with the form-realm meditative concentration of the first dhyāna or higher, while dwelling among sentient beings in the human world. A minority of bodhisattvas cultivate, study, and deliver sentient beings in the various heavenly realms. In terms of the realization of meditative concentration and the realization of eliminating afflictions, bodhisattvas at the first bhūmi and above have minds that have departed from the desire realm, without the afflictions and attachments of the desire realm.