Addressing and Counteracting Latent Defilements

Every individual harbors latent klesas (afflictions) of which they are unaware or which are difficult to observe; these only manifest under specific causes and conditions. Is it better to actively engage in social activities to allow these latent klesas to surface, or to practice in seclusion to prevent their manifestation?

Latent klesas primarily refer to habitual tendencies of afflictions. Greed, hatred, delusion, arrogance, doubt, and wrong views are the klesas themselves. Without attaining the first dhyana (meditative absorption) or reaching the third fruition (of the noble path), these klesas cannot be eradicated. Given the right conditions, they will manifest, though some people experience them mildly while others severely. The concept of "latent klesas" means that the habitual tendencies of afflictions lie dormant in the alaya-vijnana (storehouse consciousness), making them difficult to detect. Bodhisattvas begin to sever these tendencies from the first bhumi (stage of enlightenment), while ordinary beings and arhats lack this ability. If the manifestation of klesas is too intense, one should cultivate dhyana more diligently and contemplate the principle of non-self. If one cannot detect them personally yet wishes to subdue them, one must temper oneself extensively among people, accept others' feedback, and be adept at compliance. If one reacts to others' critiques with hatred and creates unwholesome karma, it is better to minimize exposure to crowds. If not, one should frequently reflect on one's bodily, verbal, and mental actions within groups and humbly heed others' admonitions.

Both subduing and eradicating klesas occur amidst encountering circumstances and objects. When one detects the arising of klesas, one should turn the light inward and sever them immediately. If one isolates oneself from others, klesas are less likely to manifest, making them undetectable. Consequently, the klesas remain hidden within the mind, with no opportunity for eradication. In other Buddha-lands, where conditions are entirely favorable, klesas lack the chance to manifest, making their eradication extremely difficult and spiritual progress very slow. Although life there may be comfortable, advancement on the path proceeds at a sluggish pace.