What are the mind-disassociated dharmas?

The dharmas not associated with the mind (citta-viprayukta-saṃskāra) total twenty-four: acquisition (prāpti), life faculty (jīvita), commonality of sentient beings (sattva-sabhāga), the nature of ordinary beings (pṛthagjana-tva), the concentration of no perception (asaṃjñi-samāpatti), the cessation concentration (nirodha-samāpatti), the retribution of no perception (asaṃjñi-vedana), body of names (nāma-kāya), body of sentences (pada-kāya), body of letters (vyañjana-kāya), arising (jāti), abiding (sthiti), aging (jarā), impermanence (anityatā), flux (pravṛtti), determinate differentiation (niyama), correspondence (yoga), speed (java), sequence (aniyama), time (kāla), direction (deśa), number (saṃkhyā), harmonious combination (sāmagrī), and non-harmonious combination (asāmagrī).

The dharmas not associated with the mind are manifested jointly by the eight consciousnesses (the eight mind-kings), the fifty-one mental factors (caittas), and the eleven material forms (rūpa-dharmas). For example, the dharma not associated with the mind called impermanence is manifested through the joint and harmonious operation of the eighth consciousness, the seventh consciousness, the sixth consciousness, and the five sense consciousnesses; it is manifested through the mental factors of attention (manaskāra), contact (sparśa), feeling (vedanā), perception (saṃjñā), and volition (cetanā) of the eight consciousnesses toward all dharmas; and it is manifested upon the eleven material forms. Impermanence can also be manifested on the mental dharmas, likewise manifested through the joint operation of the eight consciousnesses and the mental factors. These impermanent dharmas are not determined by the deluded mind of the seven consciousnesses, and their impermanent nature does not change according to the cognition of the seven consciousnesses; therefore they are called dharmas not associated with the mind.

The impermanence of the five aggregates is manifested through the joint and harmonious operation of the eight consciousnesses. The eight consciousnesses together with the mental factors give birth to the five aggregates, generate feelings, generate discrimination, and generate various activities, manifested at the places where the eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body, the forms, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches, and the material form included in the dharma base (dharmāyatana) combine; it is manifested upon the six consciousnesses and the mental factors. The other dharmas not associated with the mind are all manifested in this way. They are not determined by our perceiving mind; no matter what our mind is like, no matter how it cognizes, impermanence is impermanence—because of our craving and attachment, the world of the five aggregates cannot become permanent; this is not something decided by the mind. By the same token, the twenty-four dharmas not associated with the mind, such as time, direction, number, and aging, are all manifested jointly by the eight consciousnesses, the mental factors, and the eleven material forms; their existence or non-existence is not determined by the deluded mind of the seven consciousnesses.